Create popup windows

Description

Dialog boxes are a convenient way to prompt the user for a small amount of input, e.g. to display a message, ask a question, or anything else that does not require extensive effort on the user’s part.

GTK+ treats a dialog as a window split vertically. The top section is a VBox, and is where widgets such as a Gnome::Gtk3::Label or a be packed. The bottom area is known as the “action area”. This is generally used for packing buttons into the dialog which may perform functions such as cancel, ok, or apply.

Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog boxes are created with a call to .new() or .new(:$title). .new(:$title) is recommended; it allows you to set the dialog title, some convenient flags (with :$flags), and add simple buttons (with :$buttons).

If “dialog” is a newly created dialog, the two primary areas of the window can be accessed through gtk_dialog_get_content_area() and gtk_dialog_get_action_area(), as can be seen from the example below.

A “modal” dialog (that is, one which freezes the rest of the application from user input), can be created by calling gtk_window_set_modal() on the dialog. Use the GTK_WINDOW() macro to cast the widget returned from gtk_dialog_new() into a Gnome::Gtk3::Window. When using gtk_dialog_new_with_buttons() you can also pass the GTK_DIALOG_MODAL flag to make a dialog modal.

If you add buttons to Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog using .new(:$buttons), gtk_dialog_add_button(), gtk_dialog_add_buttons(), or gtk_dialog_add_action_widget(), clicking the button will emit a signal called response with a response ID that you specified. GTK+ will never assign a meaning to positive response IDs; these are entirely user-defined. But for convenience, you can use the response IDs in the Gnome::Gtk3::ResponseType enumeration (these all have values less than zero). If a dialog receives a delete event, the response signal will be emitted with a response ID of GTK_RESPONSE_DELETE_EVENT.

If you want to block waiting for a dialog to return before returning control flow to your code, you can call run(). This function enters a recursive main loop and waits for the user to respond to the dialog, returning the response ID corresponding to the button the user clicked.

For the simple dialog in the following example, in reality you’d probably use Gnome::Gtk3::MessageDialog to save yourself some effort. But you’d need to create the dialog contents manually if you had more than a simple message in the dialog.

An example for simple Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog usage:

method quick-message ( Gnome::Gtk3::Window $parent, Str $message ) {

  my Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog $dialog .= new(
    :title<Message>, :$parent, :flags(GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT),
    :button-spec( "Ok", GTK_RESPONSE_NONE)
  );

  my $content-area = $dialog.get-content-area;
  my Gnome::Gtk3::Label $label .= new(:label($message));
  $dialog.gtk_container_add($label);

  # Show the dialog. After return (Ok pressed) the dialog widget
  # is destroyed. show-all() must be called, otherwise the message
  # will not be seen.
  $dialog.show-all;
  $dialog.gtk-dialog-run;
  $dialog.gtk_widget_destroy;
}

Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog as Gnome::Gtk3::Buildable

The Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog implementation of the Gnome::Gtk3::Buildable interface exposes the vbox and action_area as internal children with the names “vbox” and “action_area”.

Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog supports a custom <action-widgets> element, which can contain multiple <action-widget> elements. The “response” attribute specifies a numeric response, and the content of the element is the id of widget (which should be a child of the dialogs action_area). To mark a response as default, set the “default“ attribute of the <action-widget> element to true.

Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog supports adding action widgets by specifying “action“ as the “type“ attribute of a <child> element. The widget will be added either to the action area or the headerbar of the dialog, depending on the “use-header-bar“ property. The response id has to be associated with the action widget using the <action-widgets> element.

An example of a dialog UI definition fragment:

<object class="GtkDialog" id="dialog1">
  <child type="action">
    <object class="GtkButton" id="button_cancel"/>
  </child>
  <child type="action">
    <object class="GtkButton" id="button_ok">
      <property name="can-default">True</property>
    </object>
  </child>
  <action-widgets>
    <action-widget response="cancel">button_cancel</action-widget>
    <action-widget response="ok" default="true">button_ok</action-widget>
  </action-widgets>
</object>

See Also

Gnome::Gtk3::Window, Gnome::Gtk3::Button

Synopsis

Declaration

unit class Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog;
also is Gnome::Gtk3::Window;

Uml Diagram

Inheriting this class

Inheriting is done in a special way in that it needs a call from new() to get the native object created by the class you are inheriting from.

use Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog:api<1>;

unit class MyGuiClass;
also is Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog;

submethod new ( |c ) {
  # let the Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog class process the options
  self.bless( :GtkDialog, |c);
}

submethod BUILD ( ... ) {
  ...
}

Example

my Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog $dialog .= new(:build-id<simple-dialog>);

# show the dialog
my Int $response = $dialog.gtk-dialog-run;
if $response == GTK_RESPONSE_ACCEPT {
  …
}

Types

enum GtkDialogFlags

Flags used to influence dialog construction.

• GTK_DIALOG_MODAL: Make the constructed dialog modal, see gtk_window_set_modal()

• GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT: Destroy the dialog when its parent is destroyed, see gtk_window_set_destroy_with_parent()

• GTK_DIALOG_USE_HEADER_BAR: Create dialog with actions in header bar instead of action area. Since 3.12.

enum GtkResponseType

Predefined values for use as response ids in gtk_dialog_add_button(). All predefined values are negative; GTK+ leaves values of 0 or greater for application-defined response ids.

• GTK_RESPONSE_NONE: Returned if an action widget has no response id, or if the dialog gets programmatically hidden or destroyed

• GTK_RESPONSE_REJECT: Generic response id, not used by GTK+ dialogs

• GTK_RESPONSE_ACCEPT: Generic response id, not used by GTK+ dialogs

• GTK_RESPONSE_DELETE_EVENT: Returned if the dialog is deleted

• GTK_RESPONSE_OK: Returned by OK buttons in GTK+ dialogs

• GTK_RESPONSE_CANCEL: Returned by Cancel buttons in GTK+ dialogs

• GTK_RESPONSE_CLOSE: Returned by Close buttons in GTK+ dialogs

• GTK_RESPONSE_YES: Returned by Yes buttons in GTK+ dialogs

• GTK_RESPONSE_NO: Returned by No buttons in GTK+ dialogs

• GTK_RESPONSE_APPLY: Returned by Apply buttons in GTK+ dialogs

• GTK_RESPONSE_HELP: Returned by Help buttons in GTK+ dialogs

Methods

new

default, no options

Create a new plain object.

multi method new ( )

:title, :parent, :flags, :buttons-spec

Creates a new Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog with title title (or undefined for the default title; see Gnome::Gtk3::Window.set-title()) and transient parent parent (or undefined for none; see Gnome::Gtk3::Window.set-transient-for()).

The flags argument can be used to make the dialog modal (GTK-DIALOG-MODAL) and/or to have it destroyed along with its transient parent (GTK-DIALOG-DESTROY-WITH-PARENT). After flags, button text/response ID pairs should be listed.

Button text can be arbitrary text. A response ID can be any positive number, or one of the values in the GtkResponseType enumeration.

If the user clicks one of these dialog buttons, Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog will emit the response signal with the corresponding response ID. If a Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog receives the delete-event signal, it will emit response with a response ID of GTK-RESPONSE-DELETE-EVENT. However, destroying a dialog does not emit the response signal; so be careful relying on response when using the GTK-DIALOG-DESTROY-WITH-PARENT flag. Buttons are from left to right, so the first button in the list will be the leftmost button in the dialog.

multi method new (
  Str :$title!, N-Object() :$parent = N-GObject,
  Int :$flags = 0, List :$buttons-spec
)

• $title; Title of the dialog, or undefined.

• $parent; Transient parent of the dialog, or undefined.

• $flags; GtkDialogFlags from Gnome::Gtk3::DialogFlags.

• $buttons-spec; A list of alternating names and response codes i.e. an Str text for the first button then an Int response ID for first button, then additional buttons if any.

:native-object

Create a Dialog object using a native object from elsewhere. See also Gnome::N::TopLevelClassSupport.

multi method new ( N-GObject :$native-object! )

:build-id

Create a Dialog object using a native object returned from a builder. See also Gnome::GObject::Object.

multi method new ( Str :$build-id! )

add-action-widget

Adds an activatable widget to the action area of a Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog, connecting a signal handler that will emit the response signal on the dialog when the widget is activated. The widget is appended to the end of the dialog’s action area.

method add-action-widget ( N-GObject() $child, Int() $response_id )

• $child; an activatable widget

• $response_id; response ID for child

add-button

Adds a button with the given text and sets things up so that clicking the button will emit the response signal with the given response-id. The button is appended to the end of the dialog’s action area. The button widget is returned, but usually you don’t need it.

Returns: the Gnome::Gtk3::Button widget that was added

method add-button ( Str() $button_text, Int() $response_id --> N-GObject )

• $button_text; text of button

• $response_id; response ID for the button

add-buttons

Adds more buttons, same as calling add-button() repeatedly. The variable argument list should be undefined-terminated as with gtk-dialog-new-with-buttons(). Each button must have both text and response ID.

method add-buttons ( Str $first_button_text )

• Str $first_button_text; button text @...: response ID for first button, then more text-response-id pairs

get-content-area

Returns the content area of dialog.

Returns: (type Gtk.Box) : the native object of the content area as Gnome::Gtk3::Box.

method get-content-area ( --> N-GObject )

get-header-bar

Returns the header bar of dialog. Note that the headerbar is only used by the dialog if the use-header-bar property is True.

Returns: the native object of a header bar

method get-header-bar ( --> N-GObject )

get-response-for-widget

Gets the response id of a widget in the action area of a dialog.

Returns: the response id of widget, or GTK_RESPONSE_NONE if widget doesn’t have a response id set.

method get-response-for-widget ( N-GObject() $widget --> Int )

• $widget; a widget in the action area of dialog

get-widget-for-response

Gets the widget button that uses the given response ID in the action area of a dialog.

Returns: the widget button that uses the given $response-id, or undefined.

method get-widget-for-response ( Int() $response_id --> N-GObject )

• $response_id; the response ID used by the dialog widget

response

Emits the response signal with the given response ID. Used to indicate that the user has responded to the dialog in some way; typically either you or run() will be monitoring the response signal and take appropriate action.

method response ( Int() $response_id )

• $response_id; response ID

run

Blocks in a recursive main loop until the dialog either emits the response signal, or is destroyed. If the dialog is destroyed during the call to run(), gtk-dialog-run() returns Gnome::Gtk3::TK-RESPONSE-NONE. Otherwise, it returns the response ID from the response signal emission.

Before entering the recursive main loop, gtk-dialog-run() calls gtk-widget-show() on the dialog for you. Note that you still need to show any children of the dialog yourself.

During gtk-dialog-run(), the default behavior of delete-event is disabled; if the dialog receives delete-event, it will not be destroyed as windows usually are, and gtk-dialog-run() will return Gnome::Gtk3::TK-RESPONSE-DELETE-EVENT. Also, during gtk-dialog-run() the dialog will be modal. You can force gtk-dialog-run() to return at any time by calling gtk-dialog-response() to emit the response signal. Destroying the dialog during gtk-dialog-run() is a very bad idea, because your post-run code won’t know whether the dialog was destroyed or not.

After gtk-dialog-run() returns, you are responsible for hiding or destroying the dialog if you wish to do so.

Typical usage of this function might be: |[<!-- language="C" --> GtkWidget *dialog = gtk-dialog-new(); // Set up dialog...

int result = gtk-dialog-run (GTK-DIALOG (dialog)); switch (result) { case GTK-RESPONSE-ACCEPT: // do-application-specific-something(); break; default: // do-nothing-since-dialog-was-cancelled(); break; } gtk-widget-destroy (dialog); ]|

Note that even though the recursive main loop gives the effect of a modal dialog (it prevents the user from interacting with other windows in the same window group while the dialog is run), callbacks such as timeouts, IO channel watches, DND drops, etc, will be triggered during a gtk-dialog-run() call.

Returns: response ID

method run ( --> Int )

set-default-response

Sets the last widget in the dialog’s action area with the given $response-id as the default widget for the dialog. Pressing “Enter” normally activates the default widget.

method set-default-response ( Int() $response_id )

• $response_id; a response ID

set-response-sensitive

Calls Gnome::Gtk3::Widget.set-sensitive($setting) for each widget in the dialog’s action area with the given $response-id. A convenient way to sensitize/desensitize dialog buttons.

method set-response-sensitive ( Int() $response_id, Bool $setting )

• $response_id; a response ID

• $setting; True for sensitive

_gtk_dialog_new

Creates a new dialog box.

Widgets should not be packed into this Gnome::Gtk3::Window directly, but into the vbox and action-area, as described above.

Returns: the new dialog as a Gnome::Gtk3::Widget

method _gtk_dialog_new ( --> N-GObject )

_gtk_dialog_new_with_buttons

Creates a new Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog with title title (or undefined for the default title; see gtk-window-set-title()) and transient parent parent (or undefined for none; see gtk-window-set-transient-for()). The flags argument can be used to make the dialog modal (Gnome::Gtk3::TK-DIALOG-MODAL) and/or to have it destroyed along with its transient parent (Gnome::Gtk3::TK-DIALOG-DESTROY-WITH-PARENT). After flags, button text/response ID pairs should be listed, with a undefined pointer ending the list. Button text can be arbitrary text. A response ID can be any positive number, or one of the values in the Gnome::Gtk3::ResponseType enumeration. If the user clicks one of these dialog buttons, Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog will emit the response signal with the corresponding response ID. If a Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog receives the delete-event signal, it will emit response with a response ID of Gnome::Gtk3::TK-RESPONSE-DELETE-EVENT. However, destroying a dialog does not emit the response signal; so be careful relying on response when using the Gnome::Gtk3::TK-DIALOG-DESTROY-WITH-PARENT flag. Buttons are from left to right, so the first button in the list will be the leftmost button in the dialog.

Here’s a simple example: |[<!-- language="C" --> GtkWidget *main-app-window; // Window the dialog should show up on GtkWidget *dialog; GtkDialogFlags flags = GTK-DIALOG-MODAL | GTK-DIALOG-DESTROY-WITH-PARENT; dialog = new-with-buttons ("My dialog", main-app-window, flags, -("-OK"), GTK-RESPONSE-ACCEPT, -("-Cancel"), GTK-RESPONSE-REJECT, NULL); ]|

Returns: a new Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog

method _gtk_dialog_new_with_buttons ( Str $title, N-GObject $parent, GtkDialogFlags $flags, Str $first_button_text --> N-GObject )

• Str $title; Title of the dialog, or undefined

• N-GObject $parent; Transient parent of the dialog, or undefined

• GtkDialogFlags $flags; from Gnome::Gtk3::DialogFlags

• Str $first_button_text; text to go in first button, or undefined @...: response ID for first button, then additional buttons, ending with undefined

Signals

close

The close signal is a keybinding signal which gets emitted when the user uses a keybinding to close the dialog.

The default binding for this signal is the Escape key.

method handler (
  Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog :_widget($dialog),
  Int :$_handler-id,
  N-GObject :$_native-object,
  *%user-options
);

• $dialog; The instance which registered the signal

• $_handler-id; The handler id which is returned from the registration

• $_native-object; The native object provided by the caller wrapped in the Raku object.

• %user-options; A list of named arguments provided at the register-signal() method

response

Emitted when an action widget is clicked, the dialog receives a delete event, or the application programmer calls response(). On a delete event, the response ID is Gnome::Gtk3::TK-RESPONSE-DELETE-EVENT. Otherwise, it depends on which action widget was clicked.

method handler (
  Int $response-id,
  Int :$_handle-id,
  Gnome::Gtk3::Dialog :_widget($dialog),
  N-GObject :$_native-object,
  *%user-options
);

• $response-id; the response ID

• $_handler-id; The handler id which is returned from the registration

• $dialog; the object on which the signal is emitted

• $_native-object; The native object provided by the caller wrapped in the Raku object.

• %user-options; A list of named arguments provided at the register-signal() method

Properties

use-header-bar

Use Header Bar for actions.

• Gnome::GObject::Value type of this property is G_TYPE_INT

• Parameter is readable and writable.

• Parameter is set on construction of object.

• Minimum value is -1.

• Maximum value is 1.

• Default value is -1.